Testing and Assessment in Translation and Interpreting Studies examines issues of measurement that are essential to translation and interpreting. Conceptualizing testing both as a process and a product, the collection of papers explores these issues across languages and settings (including university classrooms, research projects, the private sector, and professional associations). The authors have approached their chapters from different perspectives using a variety of methods, some focusing on very specific variables, and others providing a much broader overview of the issues at hand. Chapters range from a discussion of the measurement of text cohesion in translation; the measurement of interactional competence in interpreting; the use of a particular scale to measure interpreters’ renditions to the application of a specific approach to grading or general program assessment (such as interpreter or translator certification at the national level or program admissions processes). These studies point to the need for greater integration of research and practice in the specific area of testing and assessment and are a welcome addition to the field.
Assessing ASL-English interpreters The Canadian model of national certification
Debra Russell and Karen Malcolm University of Alberta / Douglas College This
chapter highlights the certification processes for signed language interpreters in ...
This book brings together a variety of approaches to English corpus linguistics and shows how corpus methodologies can contribute to the linking of diachronic and synchronic studies. The articles in this volume investigate historical changes in the English language as well as specific aspects of Middle and Modern English and, moreover, of English dialects. The contributions also discuss the development of English corpus linguistics generally and its potential in the future. Special focus is given to the continuity between Middle and Modern English – much in line with the linking in previous studies of Middle English and Old English under the generic term “medievalism”. This volume highlights the continual development of English from the medieval to modern period.
Aim of the present volume The principal aim ofthe present volume, in keeping
with its title Middle and Modern English Corpus Linguistics: A Multi-dimensional
Approach, is to provide a common platform for discussion among historical
corpus linguists of different academic disciplines, including philologists,
dialectologists and corpus designers. The contributions apply various
methodologies of corpus linguistics to investigate diachronic changes in English,
several aspects of Middle ...
This text is designed for undergraduate and graduate students interested in contemporary English, especially those whose primary area of interest is English as a second language. Focus is placed exclusively on English data, providing an empirical explication of the structure of the language.
Chapter 3 English Phonology, Phonotactics, and Suprasegmentals Chapter
Preview This chapter begins with a discussion of the notions of the phoneme (
distinctive sound) and allophone (predictable variant). A number of phonemic
rules for specific English phonemes and their allophones are stated. The chapter
then treats the topic of phonological rules, which account generally for allophonic
variation in English. This is followed by a description of the constraints on
possible ...
This text is for advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in contemporary English, especially those whose primary area of interest is English as a second language, primary or secondary-school education, English stylistics, theoretical and applied linguistics, or speech pathology. The emphasis is on empirical facts of English rather than any particular theory of linguistics; the text does not assume any background in language or linguistics. In this newly revised edition numerous example sentences are taken from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. A full glossary of key terms, an additional chapter on pedagogy and new sections on cognitive semantics and politeness have been added. Other changes include: completely updated print references; web links to sites of special interest and relevance; and a revised, reader-friendly layout. A companion website that includes a complete workbook with self-testing exercises and a comprehensive list of web links accompanies the book. The website can be found at the following address: http: //dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.156.workbook Students completing the text and workbook will acquire: a knowledge of the sound system of contemporary English; an understanding of the formation of English words; a comprehension of the structure of both simple and complex sentence in English; a recognition of complexities in the expression of meaning; an understanding of the context and function of use upon the structure of the language; and an appreciation of the importance of linguistic knowledge to the teaching of English to first and second-language learners. Laurel J. Brinton is Professor of English Language at the University of British Columbia. Donna M. Brinton is Senior Lecturer in TESOL at the University of Southern California's Rossier School of Education."The Linguistic Structure of Modern English" is a revised edition of "The Structure of Modern English" by Laurel J. Brinton (2000).
A number of phonemic rules for specific English phonemes and their allophones
are stated. The chapter then treats the topic of phonological rules, which account
generally for allophonic variation in English. This is followed by a description of
the constraints on possible positions for sounds and possible sound
combinations in English. The chapter then turns to the features of stress and
intonation in English, features which extend over more than one sound. The
characteristics of stress ...
At the Boundary Between Science, Philosophy, Language and Arts
This book results from a group meeting held at the Institute for Scientific Exchange in Torino, Italy. The central aim was for scientists to think together in new ways with those in the humanities inspired by quantum theory and especially quantum brain theory. These fields of inquiry have suffered conceptual estrangement but now are ripe for rapprochement, if academic parochialism is put aside. A prevalent theme of the book is a moving away from individual elements and individual actors acting upon each other, toward a coordinate hermeneutic dynamics that manifests as a coherent totality. Among the topics covered are image in photography and in neuroscience; language; time; brain and mathematics; quantum brain dynamics and quantum communication.
"Istituto di Fisica Teorica, Napoli, Italy bGruppo Nazionale di Cibernetica del CNR
On the basis of a recent physical theory of many-body problems developed in our
Institute,1 a model of the brain is formulated, and it is shown how some of its
typical features, such as learning and memory processes, find therein a natural and simple explanation. In the Appendix a short surview of the necessary
mathematical formalism is finally given. 1. Introduction Although nowadays the
study of ...
The aim of this volume is to bring together the research in gestural communication in both nonhuman and human primates and to explore the potential of a comparative approach and its contribution to the question of an evolutionary scenario in which gestures play a signuificant role.
The gestural communication of apes Simone Pika1'3, Katja Liebal2'3, Josep
Call3, and Michael Tomasello3 'University of Machester / 2University of
Portsmouth / 3Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig
Gestural communication of primates may allow insight into the evolutionary
scenario of human communication given the flexible use and learning of gestures
as opposed to vocalizations. This paper provides an overview of the work on the
gestural communication ...
This book focusses on computer methodologies as a way of investigating language and character in literary texts. Both theoretical and practical, it surveys investigations into characterization in literary linguistics and personality in social psychology, before carrying out a computational analysis of Virginia Woolf’s experimental novel The Waves. Frequencies of grammatical and semantic categories in the language of the six speaking characters are analyzed using Wmatrix software developed by UCREL at Lancaster University. The quantitative analysis is supplemented by a qualitative analysis into recurring patterns of metaphor. The author concludes that these analyses successfully differentiate all six characters, both synchronically and diachronically, and claims that this methodology is also applicable to the study of personality in non-literary language. The book, written in a clear and accessible style, will be of interest to post-graduate students and academics in linguistics, stylistics, literary studies, psychology and also computational approaches.
“Language use is one of the most mysterious products of the human mind, and
literature is probably the most enigmatic form oflanguage use” (van Peer 2011: 1)
. Before the arrival of structuralism, the study of literature tended to be based on
free, intuitive interpretation. Today, with the advent of the computer, more
systematic studies can be carried out. Will they offer possibilities for solving the
enigma of language in literature? While computer-assisted methods of enquiry
have been ...
Introduction Chapters 3–6 in this bookhave presented methods and techniques
in applying DST to second language analysis that are not commonly known yet.
Therefore, we decided to include a very practical How to chapter in which we
explain each method and technique in detail. Some of these How to sections
contain instructions for those who have little or no experience with Excel and
others are quite advanced. For most of the How to sections, we put practice
materials on our ...
What makes a ‘getting acquainted’ a recognizable conversational activity, and how are interpersonal relationships established in a first conversation? This book presents a theoretical framework for the study of relationship management in conversation and an empirical study of a corpus of initial interactions. It provides detailed descriptions of the sequential resources unacquainted interlocutors use in order to: – generate self-presentation – introduce topics – establish common contextual resources It is argued that these sequential patterns embody conventionalized procedures for establishing an interpersonal relationship involving some degree of: – solidarity (mutual rights and obligations) – familiarity (mutual knowledge of personal background) – mutual affect (emotional commitment) The sequential analysis is based on a conversation analytic approach, while the interpretive framework consists of pragmatic theories of politeness, conversational style and common ground.
The recurrent occurrence of pre-topical sequences in talk between unacquainted
parties make Maynard & Zimmerman conclude that they are “required
conversational and cultural forms for generating “personal” or autobiographical
talk” in such settings (1984:309). Their aptness for just this context is that they
allow the participants to establish their respective discourse identities and “
generate typified knowledge of each other's biography” (1984:306). This is due to
the 'inference rich' ...
Proceedings of Toward a Science of Consciousness: Fundamental approaches, Tokyo 1999
This international selection of 34 papers from the Tokyo '99 conference held at the United Nations University gives a valuable state of the art overview of consciousness research. Not only the recognized European and American approaches but also the distinguishing approaches from many Japanese researchers are presented. It will provide a world-wide audience with a comprehensive outlook for the remarkable potential contribution in the future scene of consciousness research.The Tokyo '99 declaration to promote scientists’ ethical warning against the thoughtless aiming of consciousness research at warfare is also included.(Series B)
